ChainedDatastore

class lsst.daf.butler.datastores.chainedDatastore.ChainedDatastore(config: Config | str, bridgeManager: DatastoreRegistryBridgeManager, butlerRoot: str | None = None)

Bases: Datastore

Chained Datastores to allow read and writes from multiple datastores.

A ChainedDatastore is configured with multiple datastore configurations. A put() is always sent to each datastore. A get() operation is sent to each datastore in turn and the first datastore to return a valid dataset is used.

Parameters:

configDatastoreConfig or str

Configuration. This configuration must include a datastores field as a sequence of datastore configurations. The order in this sequence indicates the order to use for read operations.

bridgeManagerDatastoreRegistryBridgeManager

Object that manages the interface between Registry and datastores.

butlerRootstr, optional

New datastore root to use to override the configuration value. This root is sent to each child datastore.

Notes

ChainedDatastore never supports None or "move" as an ingest transfer mode. It supports "copy", "symlink", "relsymlink" and "hardlink" if and only if all its child datastores do.

Attributes Summary

containerKey	Key to specify where child datastores are configured.
defaultConfigFile	Path to configuration defaults.
isEphemeral	Indicate whether this Datastore is ephemeral or not.
names	Names associated with this datastore returned as a list.

Methods Summary

emptyTrash([ignore_errors])	Remove all datasets from the trash.
exists(ref)	Check if the dataset exists in one of the datastores.
export(refs, *[, directory, transfer])	Export datasets for transfer to another data repository.
export_records(refs)	Export datastore records and locations to an in-memory data structure.
forget(refs)	Indicate to the Datastore that it should remove all records of the given datasets, without actually deleting them.
fromConfig(config, bridgeManager[, butlerRoot])	Create datastore from type specified in config file.
get(ref[, parameters, storageClass])	Load an InMemoryDataset from the store.
getLookupKeys()	Return all the lookup keys relevant to this datastore.
getManyURIs(refs[, predict, allow_missing])	Return URIs associated with many datasets.
getURI(ref[, predict])	URI to the Dataset.
getURIs(ref[, predict])	Return URIs associated with dataset.
import_records(data)	Import datastore location and record data from an in-memory data structure.
ingest(*datasets[, transfer, ...])	Ingest one or more files into the datastore.
knows(ref)	Check if the dataset is known to any of the datastores.
knows_these(refs)	Check which of the given datasets are known to this datastore.
mexists(refs[, artifact_existence])	Check the existence of multiple datasets at once.
needs_expanded_data_ids(transfer[, entity])	Test whether this datastore needs expanded data IDs to ingest.
put(inMemoryDataset, ref)	Write a InMemoryDataset with a given DatasetRef to each datastore.
remove(ref)	Indicate to the datastore that a dataset can be removed.
retrieveArtifacts(refs, destination[, ...])	Retrieve the file artifacts associated with the supplied refs.
setConfigRoot(root, config, full[, overwrite])	Set any filesystem-dependent config options for child Datastores to be appropriate for a new empty repository with the given root.
transaction()	Context manager supporting Datastore transactions.
transfer(inputDatastore, ref)	Retrieve a dataset from an input Datastore, and store the result in this Datastore.
transfer_from(source_datastore, refs[, ...])	Transfer dataset artifacts from another datastore to this one.
trash(ref[, ignore_errors])	Indicate to the Datastore that a Dataset can be moved to the trash.
validateConfiguration(entities[, logFailures])	Validate some of the configuration for this datastore.
validateKey(lookupKey, entity)	Validate a specific look up key with supplied entity.

Attributes Documentation

containerKey: ClassVar[str | None] = 'datastores'

Key to specify where child datastores are configured.

defaultConfigFile: ClassVar[str | None] = 'datastores/chainedDatastore.yaml'

Path to configuration defaults. Accessed within the configs resource or relative to a search path. Can be None if no defaults specified.

isEphemeral: bool = False

Indicate whether this Datastore is ephemeral or not. An ephemeral datastore is one where the contents of the datastore will not exist across process restarts. This value can change per-instance.

names

Methods Documentation

emptyTrash(ignore_errors: bool = True) → None

Remove all datasets from the trash.

Parameters:

ignore_errorsbool, optional

Determine whether errors should be ignored.

Notes

Some Datastores may implement this method as a silent no-op to disable Dataset deletion through standard interfaces.

exists(ref: DatasetRef) → bool

Check if the dataset exists in one of the datastores.

Parameters:

refDatasetRef

Reference to the required dataset.

Returns:

existsbool

True if the entity exists in one of the child datastores.

export(refs: Iterable[DatasetRef], *, directory: ResourcePathExpression | None = None, transfer: str | None = 'auto') → Iterable[FileDataset]

Export datasets for transfer to another data repository.

Parameters:

refsiterable of DatasetRef

Dataset references to be exported.

directorystr, optional

Path to a directory that should contain files corresponding to output datasets. Ignored if transfer is explicitly None.

transferstr, optional

Mode that should be used to move datasets out of the repository. Valid options are the same as those of the transfer argument to ingest, and datastores may similarly signal that a transfer mode is not supported by raising NotImplementedError. If “auto” is given and no directory is specified, None will be implied.

Returns:

datasetiterable of DatasetTransfer

Structs containing information about the exported datasets, in the same order as refs.

Raises:

NotImplementedError

Raised if the given transfer mode is not supported.

export_records(refs: Iterable[DatasetIdRef]) → Mapping[str, DatastoreRecordData]

Export datastore records and locations to an in-memory data structure.

Parameters:

refsIterable [ DatasetIdRef ]

Datasets to save. This may include datasets not known to this datastore, which should be ignored.

Returns:

dataMapping [ str, DatastoreRecordData ]

Exported datastore records indexed by datastore name.

forget(refs: Iterable[DatasetRef]) → None

Indicate to the Datastore that it should remove all records of the given datasets, without actually deleting them.

Parameters:

refsIterable [ DatasetRef ]

References to the datasets being forgotten.

Notes

Asking a datastore to forget a DatasetRef it does not hold should be a silent no-op, not an error.

static fromConfig(config: Config, bridgeManager: DatastoreRegistryBridgeManager, butlerRoot: ResourcePathExpression | None = None) → Datastore

Create datastore from type specified in config file.

Parameters:

configConfig

Configuration instance.

bridgeManagerDatastoreRegistryBridgeManager

Object that manages the interface between Registry and datastores.

butlerRootstr, optional

Butler root directory.

get(ref: DatasetRef, parameters: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None, storageClass: StorageClass | str | None = None) → Any

Load an InMemoryDataset from the store.

The dataset is returned from the first datastore that has the dataset.

Parameters:

refDatasetRef

Reference to the required Dataset.

parametersdict

StorageClass-specific parameters that specify, for example, a slice of the dataset to be loaded.

storageClassStorageClass or str, optional

The storage class to be used to override the Python type returned by this method. By default the returned type matches the dataset type definition for this dataset. Specifying a read StorageClass can force a different type to be returned. This type must be compatible with the original type.

Returns:

inMemoryDatasetobject

Requested dataset or slice thereof as an InMemoryDataset.

Raises:

FileNotFoundError

Requested dataset can not be retrieved.

TypeError

Return value from formatter has unexpected type.

ValueError

Formatter failed to process the dataset.

getLookupKeys() → Set[LookupKey]

Return all the lookup keys relevant to this datastore.

Returns:

keysset of LookupKey

The keys stored internally for looking up information based on DatasetType name or StorageClass.

getManyURIs(refs: Iterable[DatasetRef], predict: bool = False, allow_missing: bool = False) → Dict[DatasetRef, DatasetRefURIs]

Return URIs associated with many datasets.

Parameters:

refsiterable of DatasetIdRef

References to the required datasets.

predictbool, optional

If the datastore does not know about a dataset, should it return a predicted URI or not?

allow_missingbool

If False, and predict is False, will raise if a DatasetRef does not exist.

Returns:

URIsdict of [DatasetRef, DatasetRefUris]

A dict of primary and component URIs, indexed by the passed-in refs.

Raises:

FileNotFoundError

A URI has been requested for a dataset that does not exist and guessing is not allowed.

Notes

In file-based datastores, getManuURIs does not check that the file is really there, it’s assuming it is if datastore is aware of the file then it actually exists.

getURI(ref: DatasetRef, predict: bool = False) → ResourcePath

URI to the Dataset.

The returned URI is from the first datastore in the list that has the dataset with preference given to the first dataset coming from a permanent datastore. If no datastores have the dataset and prediction is allowed, the predicted URI for the first datastore in the list will be returned.

Parameters:

refDatasetRef

Reference to the required Dataset.

predictbool

If True, allow URIs to be returned of datasets that have not been written.

Returns:

urilsst.resources.ResourcePath

URI pointing to the dataset within the datastore. If the dataset does not exist in the datastore, and if predict is True, the URI will be a prediction and will include a URI fragment “#predicted”.

Raises:

FileNotFoundError

A URI has been requested for a dataset that does not exist and guessing is not allowed.

RuntimeError

Raised if a request is made for a single URI but multiple URIs are associated with this dataset.

Notes

If the datastore does not have entities that relate well to the concept of a URI the returned URI string will be descriptive. The returned URI is not guaranteed to be obtainable.

getURIs(ref: DatasetRef, predict: bool = False) → DatasetRefURIs

Return URIs associated with dataset.

Parameters:

refDatasetRef

Reference to the required dataset.

predictbool, optional

If the datastore does not know about the dataset, should it return a predicted URI or not?

Returns:

urisDatasetRefURIs

The URI to the primary artifact associated with this dataset (if the dataset was disassembled within the datastore this may be None), and the URIs to any components associated with the dataset artifact. (can be empty if there are no components).

Notes

The returned URI is from the first datastore in the list that has the dataset with preference given to the first dataset coming from a permanent datastore. If no datastores have the dataset and prediction is allowed, the predicted URI for the first datastore in the list will be returned.

import_records(data: Mapping[str, DatastoreRecordData]) → None

Import datastore location and record data from an in-memory data structure.

Parameters:

dataMapping [ str, DatastoreRecordData ]

Datastore records indexed by datastore name. May contain data for other Datastore instances (generally because they are chained to this one), which should be ignored.

Notes

Implementations should generally not check that any external resources (e.g. files) referred to by these records actually exist, for performance reasons; we expect higher-level code to guarantee that they do.

Implementations are responsible for calling DatastoreRegistryBridge.insert on all datasets in data.locations where the key is in names, as well as loading any opaque table data.

ingest(*datasets: FileDataset, transfer: str | None = None, record_validation_info: bool = True) → None

Ingest one or more files into the datastore.

Parameters:

datasetsFileDataset

Each positional argument is a struct containing information about a file to be ingested, including its path (either absolute or relative to the datastore root, if applicable), a complete DatasetRef (with dataset_id not None), and optionally a formatter class or its fully-qualified string name. If a formatter is not provided, the one the datastore would use for put on that dataset is assumed.

transferstr, optional

How (and whether) the dataset should be added to the datastore. If None (default), the file must already be in a location appropriate for the datastore (e.g. within its root directory), and will not be modified. Other choices include “move”, “copy”, “link”, “symlink”, “relsymlink”, and “hardlink”. “link” is a special transfer mode that will first try to make a hardlink and if that fails a symlink will be used instead. “relsymlink” creates a relative symlink rather than use an absolute path. Most datastores do not support all transfer modes. “auto” is a special option that will let the data store choose the most natural option for itself.

record_validation_infobool, optional

If True, the default, the datastore can record validation information associated with the file. If False the datastore will not attempt to track any information such as checksums or file sizes. This can be useful if such information is tracked in an external system or if the file is to be compressed in place. It is up to the datastore whether this parameter is relevant.

Raises:

NotImplementedError

Raised if the datastore does not support the given transfer mode (including the case where ingest is not supported at all).

DatasetTypeNotSupportedError

Raised if one or more files to be ingested have a dataset type that is not supported by the datastore.

FileNotFoundError

Raised if one of the given files does not exist.

FileExistsError

Raised if transfer is not None but the (internal) location the file would be moved to is already occupied.

Notes

Subclasses should implement _prepIngest and _finishIngest instead of implementing ingest directly. Datastores that hold and delegate to child datastores may want to call those methods as well.

Subclasses are encouraged to document their supported transfer modes in their class documentation.

knows(ref: DatasetRef) → bool

Check if the dataset is known to any of the datastores.

Does not check for existence of any artifact.

Parameters:

refDatasetRef

Reference to the required dataset.

Returns:

existsbool

True if the dataset is known to the datastore.

knows_these(refs: Iterable[DatasetRef]) → dict[lsst.daf.butler.core.datasets.ref.DatasetRef, bool]

Check which of the given datasets are known to this datastore.

This is like mexist() but does not check that the file exists.

Parameters:

refsiterable DatasetRef

The datasets to check.

Returns:

existsdict`[`DatasetRef, bool]

Mapping of dataset to boolean indicating whether the dataset is known to the datastore.

mexists(refs: Iterable[DatasetRef], artifact_existence: Dict[ResourcePath, bool] | None = None) → Dict[DatasetRef, bool]

Check the existence of multiple datasets at once.

Parameters:

refsiterable of DatasetRef

The datasets to be checked.

artifact_existencedict [lsst.resources.ResourcePath, bool]

Optional mapping of datastore artifact to existence. Updated by this method with details of all artifacts tested. Can be None if the caller is not interested.

Returns:

existencedict of [DatasetRef, bool]

Mapping from dataset to boolean indicating existence in any of the child datastores.

needs_expanded_data_ids(transfer: str | None, entity: DatasetRef | DatasetType | StorageClass | None = None) → bool

Test whether this datastore needs expanded data IDs to ingest.

Parameters:

transferstr or None

Transfer mode for ingest.

entity, optional

Object representing what will be ingested. If not provided (or not specific enough), True may be returned even if expanded data IDs aren’t necessary.

Returns:

neededbool

If True, expanded data IDs may be needed. False only if expansion definitely isn’t necessary.

put(inMemoryDataset: Any, ref: DatasetRef) → None

Write a InMemoryDataset with a given DatasetRef to each datastore.

The put() to child datastores can fail with DatasetTypeNotSupportedError. The put() for this datastore will be deemed to have succeeded so long as at least one child datastore accepted the inMemoryDataset.

Parameters:

inMemoryDatasetobject

The dataset to store.

refDatasetRef

Reference to the associated Dataset.

Raises:

TypeError

Supplied object and storage class are inconsistent.

DatasetTypeNotSupportedError

All datastores reported DatasetTypeNotSupportedError.

remove(ref: DatasetRef) → None

Indicate to the datastore that a dataset can be removed.

The dataset will be removed from each datastore. The dataset is not required to exist in every child datastore.

Parameters:

refDatasetRef

Reference to the required dataset.

Raises:

FileNotFoundError

Attempt to remove a dataset that does not exist. Raised if none of the child datastores removed the dataset.

retrieveArtifacts(refs: Iterable[DatasetRef], destination: ResourcePath, transfer: str = 'auto', preserve_path: bool = True, overwrite: bool = False) → List[ResourcePath]

Retrieve the file artifacts associated with the supplied refs.

Parameters:

refsiterable of DatasetRef

The datasets for which file artifacts are to be retrieved. A single ref can result in multiple files. The refs must be resolved.

destinationlsst.resources.ResourcePath

Location to write the file artifacts.

transferstr, optional

Method to use to transfer the artifacts. Must be one of the options supported by lsst.resources.ResourcePath.transfer_from(). “move” is not allowed.

preserve_pathbool, optional

If True the full path of the file artifact within the datastore is preserved. If False the final file component of the path is used.

overwritebool, optional

If True allow transfers to overwrite existing files at the destination.

Returns:

targetslist of lsst.resources.ResourcePath

URIs of file artifacts in destination location. Order is not preserved.

classmethod setConfigRoot(root: str, config: Config, full: Config, overwrite: bool = True) → None

Set any filesystem-dependent config options for child Datastores to be appropriate for a new empty repository with the given root.

Parameters:

rootstr

Filesystem path to the root of the data repository.

configConfig

A Config to update. Only the subset understood by this component will be updated. Will not expand defaults.

fullConfig

A complete config with all defaults expanded that can be converted to a DatastoreConfig. Read-only and will not be modified by this method. Repository-specific options that should not be obtained from defaults when Butler instances are constructed should be copied from full to config.

overwritebool, optional

If False, do not modify a value in config if the value already exists. Default is always to overwrite with the provided root.

Notes

If a keyword is explicitly defined in the supplied config it will not be overridden by this method if overwrite is False. This allows explicit values set in external configs to be retained.

transaction() → Iterator[DatastoreTransaction]

Context manager supporting Datastore transactions.

Transactions can be nested, and are to be used in combination with Registry.transaction.

transfer(inputDatastore: Datastore, ref: DatasetRef) → None

Retrieve a dataset from an input Datastore, and store the result in this Datastore.

Parameters:

inputDatastoreDatastore

The external Datastore from which to retreive the Dataset.

refDatasetRef

Reference to the required dataset in the input data store.

Returns:

resultslist

List containing the return value from the put() to each child datastore.

transfer_from(source_datastore: Datastore, refs: Iterable[DatasetRef], local_refs: Iterable[DatasetRef] | None = None, transfer: str = 'auto', artifact_existence: Dict[ResourcePath, bool] | None = None) → None

Transfer dataset artifacts from another datastore to this one.

Parameters:

source_datastoreDatastore

The datastore from which to transfer artifacts. That datastore must be compatible with this datastore receiving the artifacts.

refsiterable of DatasetRef

The datasets to transfer from the source datastore.

local_refsiterable of DatasetRef, optional

The dataset refs associated with the registry associated with this datastore. Can be None if the source and target datastore are using UUIDs.

transferstr, optional

How (and whether) the dataset should be added to the datastore. Choices include “move”, “copy”, “link”, “symlink”, “relsymlink”, and “hardlink”. “link” is a special transfer mode that will first try to make a hardlink and if that fails a symlink will be used instead. “relsymlink” creates a relative symlink rather than use an absolute path. Most datastores do not support all transfer modes. “auto” (the default) is a special option that will let the data store choose the most natural option for itself. If the source location and transfer location are identical the transfer mode will be ignored.

artifact_existencedict [lsst.resources.ResourcePath, bool]

Optional mapping of datastore artifact to existence. Updated by this method with details of all artifacts tested. Can be None if the caller is not interested.

Raises:

TypeError

Raised if the two datastores are not compatible.

trash(ref: DatasetRef | Iterable[DatasetRef], ignore_errors: bool = True) → None

Indicate to the Datastore that a Dataset can be moved to the trash.

Parameters:

refDatasetRef or iterable thereof

Reference(s) to the required Dataset.

ignore_errorsbool, optional

Determine whether errors should be ignored. When multiple refs are being trashed there will be no per-ref check.

Raises:

FileNotFoundError

When Dataset does not exist and errors are not ignored. Only checked if a single ref is supplied (and not in a list).

Notes

Some Datastores may implement this method as a silent no-op to disable Dataset deletion through standard interfaces.

validateConfiguration(entities: Iterable[DatasetRef | DatasetType | StorageClass], logFailures: bool = False) → None

Validate some of the configuration for this datastore.

Parameters:

entitiesiterable of DatasetRef, DatasetType, or StorageClass

Entities to test against this configuration. Can be differing types.

logFailuresbool, optional

If True, output a log message for every validation error detected.

Raises:

DatastoreValidationError

Raised if there is a validation problem with a configuration. All the problems are reported in a single exception.

Notes

This method checks each datastore in turn.

validateKey(lookupKey: LookupKey, entity: DatasetRef | DatasetType | StorageClass) → None

Validate a specific look up key with supplied entity.

Parameters:

lookupKeyLookupKey

Key to use to retrieve information from the datastore configuration.

entityDatasetRef, DatasetType, or StorageClass

Entity to compare with configuration retrieved using the specified lookup key.

Raises:

DatastoreValidationError

Raised if there is a problem with the combination of entity and lookup key.

Notes

Bypasses the normal selection priorities by allowing a key that would normally not be selected to be validated.